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    PO4

    Phosphate

    Phosphate is a nutrient that fuels algae and inhibits coral skeleton growth. Comes from food, additives, and tap water.

    Units: ppm or ppb · Last reviewed May 12, 2026

    Why it matters

    Even small amounts of phosphate in a reef tank cause coral browning and pale tissue. In pools, phosphate feeds algae and consumes chlorine.

    Ideal ranges

    Water typeIdealAcceptable
    Reef0.02 to 0.10 ppm
    Freshwater planted0.5 to 1.5 ppm
    Poolbelow 100 ppb
    • Reef: Zero phosphate starves coral. Some is essential.

    How to test

    1. 1

      Reef: Hanna ULR Phosphate Checker

      Reads to 0.001 ppm. Salifert is acceptable but coarser.

    2. 2

      Pool: PhosKill or strip test

      Strips read in 100 ppb increments.

    How to correct high phosphate

    1. Reef: dose lanthanum chloride or run GFO

      Start with 25 percent label dose. Drop too fast and coral suffers.

    2. Pool: add phosphate remover

      Brand-name treatments precipitate phosphate so the filter catches it. Clean filter after.

    3. Reduce feeding and address dead spots

      Phosphate often comes from rotting food or detritus pockets.

    Common causes

    • Tap water with phosphate
    • Overfeeding
    • Decaying matter
    • Some pool stain treatments contain phosphate

    FAQs

    My reef has zero phosphate. Is that good?

    No. Coral needs trace phosphate. Aim for 0.03 to 0.08 ppm. Pale tissue and slow growth are signs of starvation.

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